Bengaluru (Karnataka) [India] September 19: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition that generally occurs after the 20th week. While it primarily presents during pregnancy, the symptoms can continue postpartum, and in some rare cases, it may not be recognized until after childbirth. It is characterized by high blood pressure and frequently by the presence of protein in the urine. Swelling (edema) in the legs, hands, face, or other areas of the body is also a common symptom.
When preeclampsia advances to a severe level, it can result in significant complications for both the mother and the baby. One of the most critical risks is eclampsia, which is characterized by the development of seizures in women with severe preeclampsia. There is also a heightened risk of stroke during pregnancy and after delivery.
Dr. Varini N, Sr. Consultant – Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, Milann Fertility Center, Bengaluru, shared, “The precise cause of preeclampsia is still unknown, but recent studies suggest it may arise from inadequate placental implantation early in pregnancy. This shallow attachment can disrupt the development of blood vessels between the placenta and uterine wall, affecting nutrient and oxygen delivery. Potential factors include genetic influences, immune system responses, or pre-existing conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLA). These problems can lead to narrowed and leaky arteries, resulting in high blood pressure, swelling, and reduced blood flow to the fetus and essential organs.”
“Preeclampsia continues to be one of the significant causes of maternal mortality and morbidity and also prematurity in all countries. Key risk factors include high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and a history of preeclampsia. Symptoms can vary from mild swelling to severe headaches, vision problems, liver disorders, and bleeding problems. Without treatment, severe preeclampsia can progress to seizures, strokes, and other serious complications. Effective management relies on comprehensive prenatal care and vigilant monitoring”, she added.
Frequent prenatal care is essential for the early detection of preeclampsia, particularly in individuals with a history of the illness, high blood pressure, or obesity.
“Blood pressure and urine protein levels are monitored as part of the diagnosis process. Seizures and other consequences are possible in cases of severe preeclampsia. The goal of treatment is to eventually deliver the baby while controlling blood pressure. Post-delivery, most women with preeclampsia recover swiftly, but continued monitoring is essential for any complications”, she said.
To manage long-term risks, women should maintain a healthy lifestyle with proper weight, regular exercise, and a balanced diet. They should also notify their primary care provider about their preeclampsia history, as it can raise the risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular issues later on.
